Six Myths about Ontologies: The Basics of Formal Ontology
Landforms and Oceans Presentation
1. LANDFORMS AND
OCEANS
Science Standard 5-3
The student will demonstrate an
understanding of features,
processes, and changes in Earth's
land and oceans.
2. 5-3.1 Explain how natural
processes (including weathering,
erosion, deposition, landslides,
volcanic eruptions, earthquakes,
and floods) affect Earth's oceans
and land in constructive and
destructive ways.
12. Two Forces
• Constructive:
Building up an
existing landform or
forming a new one
This building is being CONSTRUCTED.
•Destructive: Changing
or destroying an existing
landform.
This building is being DESTRUCTED.
16. Weathering
This is a destructive force and
can be chemical or physical. It
causes the surface of the earth
to dissolve, decompose, and
break into smaller pieces.
17. Weathering
• Weathering: A slow, destructive
process that breaks rocks into smaller
pieces called sediment.
18.
19.
20. Erosion
This is a destructive force. It is
the movement of sediments
and soil by wind, water, and
gravity.
22. Erosion
Tune: "Jingle Bells"
Running down a hill
Or coming down as snow,
Water causes much
Erosion, this we know.
Wave action moves the beach.
A river carves the land.
Everywhere that water goes,
It Carries dirt or sand.
Chorus:
Oh, wind and rain, snow and ice,
Water running free;
These all cause land to erode
With changes we can see.
Wind and rain, snow and ice,
Water running free;
These all cause land to erode
With changes we can see .
Wind blowing in a gale,
Or as gentle as a breeze,
Wears the rock away,
And carries sand with ease.
A hurricane last year,
And glaciers long ago,
Are ways that natural forces use
To change the earth we know.
(Repeat Chorus)
23.
24.
25. Deposition
This is a constructive force. It
builds up new land by dropping
or depositing sediments via
water, wind, or ice.
26.
27.
28. Landslide
This is a destructive force. This
is a mass movement of land
due to gravity. Landslides even
occur in the ocean on the
continental slope.
32. Volcanic Eruption
This is a constructive force. During
an eruption, melted rock rises
from deep within the earth and
reaches the surface. They can
also occur under the oceans.
36. Earthquake
This is a destructive force.
Earthquakes are vibrations or a
shaking of the ground caused
by energy that is released from
the Earth’s crust.
40. Flood
This is both a destructive force and
a constructive force. Floods occur
when a large amount of water
covers land that is normally dry.
Rapid erosion can take place, but
new sediment is left behind when
the water recedes.
41. 5-3.2 Illustrate the geologic
landforms of the ocean floor:
*continental shelf
*continental slope
*mid-ocean ridge
*rift zone
*trench
*ocean basin
43. We will begin our journey where land
meets the ocean.
Do you know where we are?
Yes. At the beach.
Beaches are the fastest changing part
of the ocean. They change with every
wave.
44.
45. Continental Shelf
• The continental shelf is where the edge
of the continent slopes down from the
shore into the ocean.
• It is the part of the continent located under
water.
• It is not the deepest part
of the ocean.
46.
47. Continental Slope
• The continental slope is a steep drop-off
at the edge of the shelf.
• It drops to the bottom of the ocean floor,
making the water much deeper.
48.
49. Mid-Ocean Ridges
• A mountain range on the ocean floor.
• Some of these mountains are volcanic.
• Volcanic mountains that ARE NOT found on
the mid-ocean ridges are called seamounts.
50. For more information on the ridges, visit
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/MiOc/Mid-Ocean-Ridges.html
51.
52. Rift Zone
• In the center of the highest part of the midocean ridge is a narrow trench called a rift.
• Underwater volcanic activity that adds
mountains to either side of the mid-ocean
ridge occurs at the rift zone.
53.
54. Ocean Trench
• The ocean trench is a steep sided
canyon or deep narrow valley in the
bottom of the ocean.
• Trenches are the deepest part of the
ocean basin and deeper than any valley
found on land.
55.
56.
57. Ocean Basin
• The ocean basin is located on either side
of the mid-ocean ridge.
• It is made up of low hills and flat plains.
• The flat area of the basin is called the
abyssal plains.
• This is where seamounts are generally
formed.
65. 5-3.4 Explain how waves,
currents, tides, and storms affect
the geologic features of the
ocean shore zone (including
beaches, barrier islands,
estuaries, and inlets).
67. The shoreline, or coast, is the
area where the land meets the
ocean. Some shorelines are
rocky. Shorelines made of sand
are called beaches. Shorelines
are always changing because of
wind and water.
68. Waves can wear away the land
and expose a rocky shore or the
waves can deposit sand along the
shore and form a beach. If the
waves reach the beach at an
angle, the sand is moved along
the coast.
72. Islands are pieces of land
surrounded by water on all sides.
Islands with sandy beaches are
called barrier islands.
73. These barrier islands are naturally
occurring and function to protect
the mainland from the effects of
waves on its shore. As the waves
deposit sand on the beaches, the
shapes of the barrier islands
change.
76. All rivers flow into the oceans.
The area where a river meets the
ocean is known as an estuary.
Estuaries have a mixture of
freshwater and saltwater.
77. Waves can deposit sand in the
estuaries. At high tide ocean
water brings in sediments and
sea life that feed and nourish life
in the estuary.
82. Large storms, for example
hurricanes, can also cause
massive destruction to the
shape of the beaches, barrier
islands, estuaries, and inlets
because they produce high
waves and heavy winds.
84. Volcanoes And Earthquakes
This map shows how volcanoes and earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2515_vesuvius.html
